Cosmetic or dermopharmaceutical composition in the form of beads and methods for preparing same

ABSTRACT

The invention concerns an anhydrous solid composition comprising at least a hydrophobic wax, an oil and talcum, having preferably the form of beads with size ranging from 1 to 10000 microns. The beads can contain a cosmetic or pharmaceutical active principle, pigments or an agri-food constituent. The invention also concerns the method for preparing said beads.

The present application is the national stage under 35 U.S.C. 371 ofPCT/FR99/01445, filed Jun. 16, 1999.

This invention concerns a new type of bio-compatible pearl capable ofcontaining various substances, biologically active constituents,cosmetic or pharmaceutical constituents, pigments or load products.

The use of active principles, or any compound or substance, for topicalapplications with a dermo-pharmaceutical or cosmetic purpose, requiresincorporation into a support, referred to as a “base” for cosmeticapplications and a “galenic support” for pharmaceutical applications.

This support has numerous functions:

it must allow practical application at the administration point. In thecase of local application with a cosmetic or dermo-pharmaceuticalpurpose, a fluid with an adapted rheologic behaviour is the form ofsupport the most often chosen.

it must allow the dilution of the active principle or the activecompounds to obtain the desired concentration compatible with the effectsought.

it must provide, in the case of cosmetic products, a feeling to thetouch as agreeable as possible, and, in this case, the sensorialproperties of the support are of primary importance.

The majority of cosmetic or dermo-pharmaceutical bases for topicalapplications are aqueous compounds, for example gels, lotions andemulsions. These cosmetic products are makeup removers, toning products,slimming gels, after-sun creams or lotions, capillary products, personalcare products, tooth pastes and certain makeup products.Dermo-pharmaceutical compounds also use the such supporting bases.

These aqueous bases are today very widely used due to their high watercontent that gives, on application, a sensation of coolness on the skinand mucous. They leave no residue, do not shine and do not give a greasyaspect or feeling to the skin.

However, these aqueous bases, in particular, those in continuous aqueousphase, present a certain number of inconveniences recalled in patent FR2 660554. Briefly, we note the drying effect of these bases on the skin,which is badly tolerated with dry or normal skin. The capacity of gelsand emulsions to incorporate certain ingredients, such as essential oilsor perfumes, without being destabilised, remains weak.

The bases of the emulsion type, containing a greasy phase, present avery creamy consistency. They are very much sought after since they areeasily applied with the fingers from ajar or tube container (Patent FR2734714). The great stability of these emulsions is due to the presenceof waxes in the greasy phase whose melting point is generally higherthan 80° C. Their preparation, at a temperature exceeding the waxmelting point, prevents the use of thermo-sensitive active principles.

In addition to the drying effect observed, the aqueous phase is veryfavourable to the development of micro-organisms (Pharmaciegalénic—Bonnes pratiques de fabrication des medicaments—A. Le Hir, Ed.Masson, page 88). Agents that limit the development of a wide spectrumof microbes must therefore be incorporated into these preparations.These agents, called preservatives, can be toxic for the skin of somepeople. Thus the use of certain preservatives is today highly regulatedor even prohibited for some, for examplediisobutyl-phenoxy-ethoxy-ethyl-dimethyl-benzylammonium, (Legislation etréglementations—Produits cosmétiques et produits d'hygiènecorporelle—1997—page 229).

Finally, the water present in these cosmetic and dermo-cosmetic basesconstitutes a very favourable environment for radical reactions and, inparticular, oxidation reactions. Thus, the incorporation of moleculesvery sensitive to oxidative stress, such as vitamin C, certain fattyacids or certain polyunsaturated molecules, is very difficult due to lowstability in time.

In the case of bases associating an aqueous phase and a lipidic phase,the essential presence of amphipilic molecules with surface-activepowers allows stable dispersion and the blending of the two phases.These molecules may be rather aggressive for the skin (Les molecules dela beauté. De l'hygiène et de la protection pages 33-38, lestensioactifs, Pierre le Perchec, Ed. Nathan). We are therefore seekingto obtain anhydrous bases in which the active principles can beincorporated at temperatures less than 80° C. and whose texture issufficiently creamy to allow satisfactory spreading with the fingers.

Anhydrous formulations destined for cosmetic and dermo-pharmaceuticalapplications have been known for a long time. The oldest are constitutedfrom animal, vegetable, or mineral oils, or a blend of these. These oilyforms are no longer used due to their greasy texture. Makeup bases ingreasy phase are used above all because they adhere to the epidermis,provide protection and form a water-impermeable film. Anhydrous makeupproducts often come in a solid compact form, for example, lipstick, orin cream form (Peau-Soins cosmétioques et Préparationsdermo-pharmaceutiques—R. Raoult, Ed. Porphyre page 106).

These bases, whilst interesting, are, nonetheless, very greasy andthick. On the one hand, their stability implies the presence of waxeswhose melting temperatures, generally higher than 80° C., prevent theuse of thermo-sensitive active principles.

An improvement is proposed in the French patent FR 2 734714, with theuse in the base of an association of, in particular, organo-modifiedclay, polymer particles, pyrogenic silica dispersed in a greasy phasewithout the use of wax. This base, in anhydrous gel form, though stillgreasy is sufficiently creamy to be spread with the fingers. It canincorporate thermo-sensitive molecules. However, the clays used aremodified by greasy quaternary ammonium salts that can be irritating forthe skin. Finally, the greasy phase comprises oils of an amphiphilicnature, giving a shiny aspect to the skin.

After different studies, we have noted that the inconveniences of suchpreviously used bases, that is to say:

the drying effect, the presence of surface-active agents andantioxidants, the impossibility to use molecules sensitive to theoxidative stress in the case of aqueous bases,

the greasy effect, the impossibility of using thermo-sensitivemolecules, the shiny aspect and the difficulty of spreading for theanhydrous bases,

could be solved by the use of pearls with a strictly anhydrous base andcompletely lacking surface active-agents, thus defining the invention.

Surprisingly, we have discovered that the association of oils, mineralwaxes, animal or vegetable waxes, talc and silica, give a solid base,stable in time, able to contain active principles, offering anon-greasy, melting, film-forming, easy-to-spread texture withoutresidues nor a shiny aspect.

However this base is not creamy enough to be easily taken with thefingers from ajar or tube container.

We have discovered that the particles prepared from this base, usedalone, adhere sufficiently to the epidermis to be able to be takeneasily with the finger and to be applied whilst retaining the propertiesof the base. We will give the name pearls to the particles resultingfrom the shaping of these bases. The base appears to be in a dispersedstate, allowing topical cosmetic and dermo-pharmaceutical applications.

One of the aspects of this invention is that the base comprises at leastone hydrophobic wax, a non amphiphilic oil and talc. The final meltingtemperature must be between 15° C. and 70° C., and preferably between20° C. and 45° C.

The invention bases are mainly constituted from wax or blends of mineralwaxes, non-greasy, non-amphiphilic mineral oils, talc and silica. Theycan contain, in addition, oily, paste or solid additives and liposolubleor hydrosoluble active ingredients.

The base generally contains from 0.1% to 40% of paraffin wax or a blendof paraffin wax and waxes chosen preferably from among:

Carnauba wax

Candelilla wax

Alfa wax

ozocerite

vegetable waxes such as olive wax, rice wax, hydrogenised jojoba wax orabsolute flower waxes.

bees' waxes or modified bees' waxes.

It is possible to use other wax matrices, but the blend obtained must becharacterised by a melting point of less than 90° C., by the absence ofsurface-active substances and a hydrophobic behaviour, and benon-wettable by water.

In the wax blend, paraffin wax represents, preferably, at least 40% ofweight in relation to the total weight of the wax blend.

In addition to the waxes indicated above, the invention base generallycontains a mineral oil or a blend of mineral oils, preferably a paraffinoil or a blend of paraffin oils and mineral oils, or synthetic oilschosen among:

hydrophobic silicone oils with viscosity of between 5 and 9000centistokes and more particularly:

cyclomethicones

lipophilic organofluorinated oils

perhydrosqualen

In the oil blend, paraffin oil represents, preferably, between 4% and90% in weight in relation to the blend. Other oily compounds, such asoleic alcohol, lanolin, sunflower oil, palm tree oil, can be used, butthe oily blend obtained must be characterised by hydrophobic behaviour,must not be miscible in water and must have a melting point of between0° C. and 45° C.

In addition to the oils and waxes indicated above, the invention basecontains talc, sometimes with the addition of silica. We choosepreferably a talc with a fine granule size, less than 5 micrometers anda pyrogenic silica that has not undergone any chemical derivation. Thebase generally contains 0.5% to 10% in weight of talc and silicaparticles. Moreover, it is possible to adjust the consistency by addingto the base, clays or their oily dispersions, phenylated silicon gums,starches and fatty structuring substances.

A particularly preferred form of the invented base also contains apolyoxyethylene glycol. Its addition allows the soft and meltingqualities of the bases to be improved.

The invention bases are obtained by mixing at moderate heat. Moreprecisely, these bases are obtained by a procedure characterised bymixing the wax and oil, at wax melting temperature, until obtaining ablend with a melting temperature less than the wax melting temperature.The initial relationship between the wax and the oil can be modulated sothat the melting temperature of the final blend is less than thetemperature at which the most heat-sensitive substance to beincorporated deteriorates. In practice, the percentage in weight ofhydrophobic wax in the blend is between 1 and 40%. The final blend mustbe solid at room temperature and preferably have a melting temperatureof 30° C. The blend is then cooled by adapted agitation, at atemperature 2° C. or 3° C. higher than its melting point, to allow theinclusion of the cosmetic or pharmaceutical active ingredients, siliconoils, polyoxyethylene glycols, talc and silica.

The compounds obtained are then shaped to give spherical hydrophobicparticles called pearls.

One aspect of this invention is, therefore that it makes it possible toobtain an anhydrous base without emulsifying or surface-active agents.This invention also concerns a procedure for the preparation of pearlsfrom bases as defined above.

The main techniques for preparing spheroid particles are mainlymechanical. For example, hot granulation around a solid core in aturbine or by a bed of fluidised air or in a planetary mixer, by passagethrough a channel, by moulding, by casting, or injection, hot or underpressure, in the moulds. These techniques have all the inconvenience ofrequiring important equipment and not allowing easy modulation of thesize of the particles. The procedures are long and the base is subjectto thermal, mechanical and oxidative stress, in the case of hot shapingunder pressure.

The solvent evaporation technique, described in the patent FR 0 505 648,is based on the dispersion of an organic phase containing theconstitutive products of the particles and the dispersing agents, in anaqueous non-miscible phase under agitation. This phase is followed bythe elimination, without agitation, of the organic solvent under reducedpressure allowing the formation of particles. This method does not makeit possible to obtain large-sized particles. Moreover, the completeelimination of the solvent is very difficult and finally, the particlesobtained contain all or part of the dispersing agent.

The techniques based on extrusion and/or crushing imply the formation ofparticles with irregular surfaces and subject the base to thermal,mechanical and oxidative stresses.

Less aggressive techniques, or those that require little heating, existfor the treatment of substances sensitive to heat, oxidation, andmechanical stress. These are so-called cold solidification methods.

In the description of patent EP 0 438359, the cold blend containing theactive ingredients and excipients, is dispersed in the form of droplets,by its passage through a nozzle, in a tower where they are cooled by acold gas in counter flow, then recovered. Whilst this technique presentsa clear improvement over the preceding techniques, it remains complex toimplement, the dispersion stage is difficult to control and the size ofthe particles is not easily varied. We cannot obtain, or only withdifficulty, particles whose size is greater than one millimetre.Finally, this technique does not allow large yields.

The techniques based on the cooling of the melted base, maintained inmovement in a non-solvent liquid such as water, described in patents FR2 705232, FR 2 660 534, EP 0 0435 008, are referred to as hot-meltingtechniques.

These techniques described by Langer (E. Mathiowcz and R. Langer,Journal of Controlled Release, 5. 1987, pages 13-22), consist indispersing the compound or blend, previously melted, in a liquid heatedto the same temperature, in which it is not miscible. The dropletsobtained are solidified by cooling of the dispersion environment duringagitation. As any professional will know, one of the great difficultiesin these procedures is to obtain a good stabilisation of the emulsionproduced. In fact, if the agitation is insufficient, the droplets tendto merge to reconstitute the two phases. The emulsion must be stabilisedwithout variations in the size of the droplets until cooling at thesolidification temperature. The size of the droplets depends on thespeed of agitation, the viscosity of the dispersion environment and, ofcourse, the presence of surface-active or emulsifying agents. In patentsFR 2 658829 and EP 0 045008, the dispersion is stabilised by thepresence of amphiphilic compounds allowing the stabilisation of thedispersion in aqueous phase and by maintaining important agitation.Whilst these procedures are interesting, they do not make it possible toobtain particles of sizes exceeding 1,000 micrometers and theelimination of surface-active agents remains very difficult.

In the description of patent FR 2 660554, the procedure does not call onthe use of any emulsifying agent, since the lipidic base containsamphiphilic compounds allowing the dispersion to be stabilised inaqueous phase. It is not possible with such bases to prepare particleslarger than 1000 micrometers by this procedure, and the particles thusprepared can hydrate and absorb up to eight times their weight in water.This procedure is therefore not compatible with strictly hydrophobicbases.

In the description of the patent FR 2 705232, the active ingredient isadded to the hydrophobic polymer-based base at the time of thedispersion in an aqueous phase at a temperature exceeding the vitreoustransition temperature. This procedure has the inconvenience of beinglong, since hot dispersion must be maintained until the end of theencapsulation of the active ingredients by the droplets.

This invention proposes a new procedure for the preparation of particlesfrom bases part of the invention, in which the inconveniences of thetechniques described in the preceding procedures can be avoided.

In comparison with the procedures of the aforementioned patents, theprocedure of the present invention is carried out without using anyemulsifying agent, solvent or pre-shaped particles and it is much morerapid. The particles obtained in this invention are spherical andbetween 1 and 10,000 micrometers in size. According to the invention'spreferred method of realisation the pearls are between 1,000 and 10,000micrometers in size and contain, dissolved or dispersed in their matrix,cosmetic, pharmaceutical or biotechnological ingredients. According tothis method, the lipidic base of the pearls serves as a support andvehicle for ingredients such as perfumes, essential oils, aromas,pigments, loads, colorants, enzymes and coenzymes and other activecosmetic substances. The loading capacity of the pearls can vary from0.02% to 75% in relation to the pearl weight.

As professionals will know, when we incorporate these constituents intothe pearls, we must choose an appropriate lipidic base so that theprocedure can be implemented, and that the pearls are solid at roomtemperature and preferably between 1,000 and 10,000 micrometers in size.

Among the cosmetic constituents that can be incorporated into the pearlswe can cite vitamins or provitamins A, B, C, D, E, PP and their esters,hydrants, melanin, carotenoids, anti-radical substances, U.V. filters,keratolytic substances such as salicylic acid and its salts, moleculesacting on pigmentation, inflammation, softening agents such as fattyesters, sebum substitutes or constituents, biological extracts, hairdyes, antiperspirants, molecules capable of trapping odours and aromas,so-called slimming molecules. Other constituents can be incorporatedinto the pearls, such as softening or lubricating substances for theskin, for example talc, kaolin, mica, nano-titanium, polyamide polymermicro-balls, or, to the contrary, powders destined for abrasion usingparticles of silica, or of polymer or plant origin.

The pearls can also contain preservatives, antioxidants, colorants andpigments along with dulling agents such as, for example, magnesiumcarbonate, stock, zinc power, zinc oxide, Toshiba Tospearl silicon blendmicro-balls. We can incorporate into these pearls other microparticlesor microcapsules, vector or matrix systems or substances containingactive principles, cells and cell organites. Finally these pearls cancontain pharmaceutical constituents destined to treat skin or mucouspathologies or capable of trans-dermal diffusion.

In this description, the term active constituent is used to refer to anyactive therapeutic substance or blend that can be beneficiallyadministered to man or other mammal to diagnose, tend, reduce, treat orprevent disease. We can give the examples of antibiotics, hormones andderivatives, nicotine, anti-histamine agents, steroid and non-steroidanti-inflammatory agents, anti-allergic agents, local anaesthetics,vasodilators, anti-viral agents, antibodies and molecules acting on theimmune system. This long list is not exhaustive.

In the case of oral administration of this type of particle, anappropriate base must be chosen, compatible in terms of toxicity,biocompatibility and bio-degradability with oral absorption. In thiscase the ingredients will be chosen from among the ingredients alreadyused for oral administration and in such a way that the pearls formedretain their properties of incorporation and stabilisation of activeconstituents.

The pearls in this invention can contain mineral or organic pigments,including pearly pigments. Among the organic pigments, we can citecarbon black, varous D and C Red organic pigments, orange or yellowcoded in the colour index. Among the mineral colorants, we can citetitanium dioxides, iron oxides, brown, black or yellow, chromium oxides,silicate of aluminium polysulphide ultramarine, manganese pyrophosphate,Prussian blue or ferric ferrocyanide. The pigments are present in thepearls in concentrations of between 0 and 30% and preferably between 1to 20% in weight in relation to the pearl weight.

The pearls in this invention, loaded with pigments, can be used as basefor makeup products such as foundations, complexion refiners, makeupcorrectors, tinted creams, eye shadow, blushers and lipsticks.

One aspects of the present invention is that it offers a procedure forpreparing pearls containing pigments. The pearls containing pigments,prepared according to the invention procedure, can be used as a base forcosmetic products. In this preparation method, pearls can be less than10 micrometers in size. In these conditions, the pearls can be used forthe incorporation of pigments destined for the preparation of paints,inks and dyes.

This invention provides a new procedure for the preparation of particlescalled pearls in which the inconveniences of the techniques described inthe procedures recalled above can be avoided.

In comparison with the hot melting techniques, the procedure of thepresent invention does not call on the intervention of emulsifyingagents or amphiphilic products in the base to allow a stable dispersionat the time of the solidification by cooling phase. The blend of thedifferent constituents and active principles forming the compound fromwhich the pearls will be obtained is carried out in the first stage ofthe procedure. The mixing is carried out under heat, 2° C. or 3° C.above the melting points of the constituent presenting the highestmelting point. As any professional will know, it is necessary to applythe agitation that is appropriate to the dispersion of all theconstituents. Then the compound droplets are formed by dispersing thecompound in a gel, previously heated to the same temperature, with whichit is not miscible, with a sufficiently high viscosity to fix thedispersion. It is preferably to inject the compound within the gel, forexample by a hole located at the base of the reactor. Agitation must bemaintained throughout the injection and is carried out in an agitatorsystem with blade equipped with an anchor, destined to disperse thecompound, and a second axial blade equipped with a 3-blade propellerdestined to form dispersion droplets of the desired size. This laststage is extremely rapid since the droplets are obtained gradually asthe compound is injected. Agitation does not have to be maintained,since the droplets are fixed in the gel. At the end of injection, theyare immediately cooled to the solidifying temperature then washed andrecovered dry.

This procedure is therefore rapid and does not require any long anddelicate agitation stage. It makes it possible to incorporate the activeprinciples in the base right at the first phase of the mixing of thedifferent compound products.

Among the gelling agents suitable for forming the gels used for thedispersion environment in the invention, we can cite carboxyvinylpolymers such as carbopols neutralised by soda, carrageen,polysaccharide thickeners and gelling agents such as xanthenes, guar andcarob gums, alginates, cellulose, pectin and agar derivatives.

The gels used in the pearl preparation procedure have a concentrationgenerally of between 0.1% and 50% in weight in relation to the totalweight of the gel.

The pearls obtained are extremely homogeneous in size and can bemanipulated industrially without special precautions. The followingexamples are not exhaustive—they are just to illustrate the invention

EXAMPLES Example 1 Pearls Containing Pigments

Example for the manufacture of 100 g of pearls containing pigments

Ingredients: Paraffin oil 56 g Paraffin 15 g Bees' wax 2 g Silicon oil 5g Yellow iron oxide 3 g Red iron oxide 2 g Black iron oxide 0.5 gTitanium dioxide 6 g Talc 5 g Silica 2 g Parsol sun filter 3 g Perfume0.2 g Preservative 0.3 g

Method

All the substances of the ingredients are hot mixed, in a thermostatrecipient, at a temperature of 2° C. or 3° C. above the melting point ofthe constituent with the highest melting point. The most fragileconstituents are added last. In the case where the constituents are notmiscible in the base, these substances are dispersed in the the lipidicphase using a turbine at a speed of 100 rev/min. When the blend ishomogeneous, it is added to 600 ml of aqueous carbol Ultrez 10 gel,neutralised at pH 6.5 with soda, previously heated to the sametemperature as the blend and contained in a reactor quipped with adouble anchor and 3-blade propeller agitation system. During theaddition of the compound, the agitation speed of the anchor is 40rev/min and the agitation speed of the 3-blade propeller is 135 rev/min.Agitation is maintained during 2 minutes after the end of the additionof the compound, then halted. The dispersion is then cooled to 15° C.The pearls are recovered by sifting, then washed in distilled water andrecovered. The pearls thus obtained are 3 mm in size and can be used asmakeup foundations.

Example 2 Pearls Containing Vitamins

Ingredients Paraffin oil 55 g Paraffin 16 g Silicon oil 6 gPolyoxyethylene glycol 400 6 g Talc 6 g Vitamin E 0.5 g Provitamin A 0.3g Silica 4 g Titanium dioxide 3 g Sun filter 3 g Preservative 0.2 g

Method:

The method is identical to that described in example 1.

The pearls obtained are 3.5 mm in size and can be used for anti-agebeauty products.

Example 3 Pearls Loaded with Essential Oils and Vegetable Oils

Ingredients Liquid Vaseline oil 62 g Paraffin 16 g Bees' wax 1 g Siliconoil 9 g Sweet almond oil 2 g Essence of thyme 0.5 g Essence of marjoram0.5 g Vitamin E 0.5 g Talc 5 g Kaolin 1 g Silica 1 g Perfume 0.2 gPreservative 0.3 g

Method

The method is identical to that described in example 1.

The pearls obtained are 3 mm in size and can be used to soothe and calm.

Example 4 Pearls Containing Sunscreen Products

Ingredients Paraffin oil 46 g Paraffin 22.8 g Silicon oil 10 g Carnaubawax 1 g Lanolin 1 g Solécran sun filter 6 g Talc 5 g Silica 1 g Zincoxide 2 g Titanium dioxide 5 g Preservative 0.2 g

Method

The method is identical to that described in example 1.

The pearls obtained are 4 mm in size and can be used in sun protectioncare.

Example 5 Pearls Containing a Pigment

Ingredients: Paraffin oil 69 g Paraffin 15 g Carbon black 8 g Talc 8 g

Method

The method is identical to that described in example 1, except that theconcentration in carbopol Ultez 10 is reduced to 1.1% in this exampleand the speed of agitation of the 3-blade propeller is 400 rev/min. Thepearls loaded with pigments thus obtained are 25 micrometers in size andcan be used in the ink, dye and paint industries.

Example 6 Pearls Loaded with Erythromycin

Ingredients: Paraffin oil 64 g Vaseline oil 18 g Talc 8 g P.E.G. 300 4 gErythromycin base 4 g

Method

The method is identical to that described in example 1, except that theconcentration in carbopol Ultez 10 is reduced to 3.8% in this example.The pearls loaded with erythromycin thus obtained are 2 mm in size andcan be used for pharmaceutical applications linked to skin antibiotictreatment.

Example 7 Pearls Containing Vitamins

Ingredients Palm oil 32 g Peanut oil 10 g Margarine 43.8 g Talc 10 gVitamin E 0.5 g Vitamin C 2 g Preservative 0.2 g

Method

The method is identical to that described in example 1. The carbopol gelis replaced by a viscous solution with 2% of carob gum. The pearlsobtained are 1 mm in size and can be used as a vitamin nutritionalsupplement.

Example 8 Pearls Containing Cells

Ingredients Paraffin 49 g Vaseline oil 6 g Palm oil 20 g SaccharomycesCerevisiae 20 g dessique Talc 5 g

Method

The method is identical to that described in example 1. The pearlscontaining the cells are 1 mm in size.

Example 9 Preparation of a Formulation Containing Pearls Loaded withEssential Oils to Obtain a Calming Gel

Carbopol Ultez 10 0.15 g Glycerine 4 g Lanoline 4 g Preservative 0.3 gWater q.s.p. 100 g

At room temperature 40 g of pearls loaded with essential oils obtainedaccording to example 3 are incorporated into 60 g of this gel underagitation.

What is claimed is:
 1. Base in the form of a solid hydrophobic blend,containing no water, surface-active agents, or emulsifying agents, andcharacterized by the fact that it comprises at least one hydrophobicwax, an oil and a talc, said talc being present in a maximum amount of10% by weight based on the weight of said base in the form of a solidhydrophobic blend, said base in the from of a solid hydrophobic blendbeing a solid at ambient temperature.
 2. Base according to claim 1characterized by the fact that the final melting temperature must be nogreater than 70° C.
 3. Base according to claim 1 characterized by thefact that the oil used is an oil selected from the group consisting ofthe mineral oils, synthetic oils, silicone oils, fluorinated oils, plantoils and a blend of these.
 4. Base according to claims 1, characterizedby the fact that the hydrophobic wax is selected from the groupconsisting of: Paraffin wax Carnauba wax Candelilla wax Alpfa waxOzocerite Vegtable waxes Bees' wax and modified bees' wax and a blend ofthese.
 5. Base according to claim 3, a characterised by the fact thatthe oil is a paraffin oil and the wax is a paraffin wax.
 6. Baseaccording to claim 1, characterised by the presence of silicon oil,polyoxyethylene glycol 300 and silica as additives.
 7. Procedure for thepreparation of anhydrous and hydrophobic pearls with a spherical shapecomprising a lipidic hydrophobic matrix with a melting point of aboveambient temperature and no greater than 70° C., substantially free ofwater, surface active agent and emulsifying agent, that can contain atleast one active ingredient, the said procedure comprising the followingstages: the different constituents and active principle are hot mixed at2° C. or 3° C. above the melting point of the ingredient presenting thehighest melting point; dispersion by injection when the blend is underagitation in a gel previously heated to the same temperature, with whichit is not miscible, and with a sufficiently high viscosity to fix thedispersion of pearls formed; halting of the agitation at the end of theinjection and cooling of the dispersion below the temperature for thesolidification of the pearls; recovery and washing of the anhydrous andhydrophobic pearls.
 8. Procedure according to claim 7, characterised bythe fact that the addition of the blend is carried out by injectionduring agitation at the lower part of the recipient containing the gel.9. Procedure according to claim 7, characterised by the fact that theagitation of the gel during injection is obtained using a blade equippedwith an anchor and a coaxial blade equipped with propeller. 10.Procedure according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the gelis prepared from gelling agents selected from the group consisting ofcarboxyvinyl polymers, carrageen and polysaccharide thickeners,xanthenes, guar and carob gums, alginates, cellulose derivatives,pectin, and agar.
 11. Procedure according to claim 7, characterised bythe fact that the gel presents a concentration in gelling agent ofbetween 0.1% and 50% in weight in relation to the total gel weight. 12.Pearls characterised by the fact that they are prepared according toprocedures of claim
 7. 13. Pearls characterised by the fact that theyare prepared from a base of claim
 1. 14. Pearls according to claim 12,characterised by the fact that they are between 1 and 10,000μ in size.15. Pearls according to claim 12, characterised by the fact that theycontain one or several active cosmetic or pharmaceutical constituentssoluble or not in the pearls.
 16. Pearls according claim 12,characterized by the fact that they contain at least one active cosmeticor pharmaceutical constituent selected from the group consisting of: thevitamins or provitamins A, B, C, D, E, PP and their esters,moisturizers, melanin, carotenoids, anti-radical substances,hydroxyacids, antiseptics, anti-acne agents, antidandruff agents, U.V.filters, keratolytics, molecules acting on pigmentation or oninflammation, softening agents, biological extracts, hair dyes,antiperspirants, molecules capable of trapping odours and aromas,softening or lubricating agents for the skin, powders destined forabrasion using particles of silica either with a polymer or plant origincomponent, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants and pigments alongwith dulling agents, vector or matrix systems containing activeprinciples, cells and cell organites, antibiotics, hormones andderivatives, anti-allergic agents, local anaesthetics, vasodilators,anti-viral agents, anti-bodies and molecules acting on the immunesystem.
 17. Pearls according to claim 12, characterised by the fact thatthey contain a pigment used for the preparation of inks, paint and dyes.18. Cosmetic or dermo-pharmaceutical base characterised by the fact thatit contains pearls according to claim 12, in suspension in thecontinuous phase.
 19. Pearls according to claim 16, wherein the finalmelting temperature is not less than 30° C., and comprising as said waxwither a paraffin wax or a mixture of paraffin wax with at least oneother wax, and wherein said composition comprises 0.1% to 40% of saidwax or waxes, and further wherein paraffin wax comprises at least 40% ofthe total of said waxes.
 20. Pearls according to claim 19 having a sizebetween 1 and 10,000μ and wherein said at least one active cosmetic orpharmaceutical constituent is selected from the group consisting of saidvitamins or provitamins and their esters, said moistureizers, saidmelanin, said carotenoids, said anti-radical substances, saidhydroxyacids, said antiseptics, said anti-acne agents, said antidandruffagents, said UV filters, salicylic acid and its salts, said moleculesacting on pigmentation or inflammation, fatty esters, sebum constituentsor substitutes, said biological extracts, said hair dyes, saidantiperspirants, said molecules capable of trapping odors and aromas,kaolin, mica, nano-titaniums, polyamide polymer micro-balls, saidpowders destined for abrasion using particles of silica either with apolymer or plant origin component, said preservatives, saidantioxidants; said colorants and pigments along with at least one ofmagnesium carbonate, starch, zinc powder, zinc oxide, silicon-blendmicro-balls, micro-particles or micro-capsules, said vector or matrixsystems containing said active principles, said cells and said cellorganites, said antibiotics, said hormones and derivatives, saidanti-allergic agents, said local anaesthetics, said vasodilators, saidanti-viral agents, said anti-bodies and said molecules acting on theimmune system.